پژوهش نامه روانشناسی مثبت
سال هفتم شماره 4 (پیاپی 28، زمستان 1400)

This research aimed to compare family forgiveness and family functioning in active and inactive women in charity affairs. The research design was causal-comparative. The statistical sample included 40 active and 40 inactive women in charity affairs in Arak city were selected by convenience sampling method and completed the Family Forgiveness Scale and Family Assessment Device. The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed significant differences in the mean of components of family forgiveness and dimensions of family functioning in active and inactive women in charity affairs. Therefore, the active group in charity affairs had higher means in components of family forgiveness and lower means in dimensions of family functioning (better functioning) than the inactive group. Thus, it can be said the activity of women in charity affairs is related to the increase of family forgiveness and improvement in family functioning, and it can be important as a charitable activity concerning these variables.

The current study aimed to explore the effect of play therapy based on the Axline approach on the social-emotional assets and resilience of preschool children with hearing loss. This study was quasi-experimental research of a single-subject type with baseline, intervention, and follow-up design. In this study, three preschool children with hearing loss participated and were selected using a convenient sampling method from a Rehabilitation Center in Isfahan city for mothers and children. First, the Social-Emotional Assets and Resilience ‌‌Scale was administered three times as baseline. It was found that there is relative stability in the scores. Then, the intervention was implemented in 8 sessions. Participants were evaluated once after each session and three weeks later; the same questionnaire was administered three times with two days in between as a follow-up step. Data were analyzed by visual analysis. The results showed that play therapy based on the Axline approach was effective and significant on social-emotional assets and resilience of preschool children with hearing loss. The Percentage of Non-over lapping Data (PND) was 100% for all three participants. There was also a significant effect of the intervention on the follow-up situation. Play therapy based on the Axline approach improved social-emotional assets and resilience in preschool children with hearing loss. Therefore, it is recommended that this type of play therapy be used to enhance social-emotional assets and resilience in other children with hearing loss.

The coronavirus has had a far-reaching impact on human beings' economic, social, communication, environmental, and personal dimensions. An accurate understanding of these broad implications and planning appropriate interventions requires interdisciplinary studies. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the psychological effects of coronavirus and psychological protective factors against the damage caused by it. In addition, this study aimed to examine the effect of corona anxiety on mental health and quality of life mediated by hope in the general population. The research method was descriptive-correlation, and structural equation modeling was used to test the relationships between variables. The coronavirus has had a far-reaching impact on human beings' economic, social,communication, environmental, and personal dimensions. An available sampling method selected an accurate understanding of these broad effects and 230 cyberspace users. The instruments used in this study were the Corona Anxiety Scale, Mental Health Questionnaire, Quality of Life Questionnaire, and the Hope Scale. Findings showed that corona anxiety significantly affects mental health and quality of life, and hope positively affects mental health and quality of life. The mediating role of hope in the effect of corona anxiety on mental health and quality of life was also significant. Therefore, it can be concluded that hope can improve mental health and quality of life by reducing corona anxiety.

Academic buoyancy is one of the positive constructs of psychology that researchers in education have considered. Therefore, this study aimed to design a model of academic buoyancy based on meaning mediated by happiness in female high school students in Hamadan. The research method was correlational and structural equations. The statistical sample included 370 female high school students in Hamadan that was selected based on stratified random sampling. Academic Buoyancy Scale, the Meaning of Life Questionnaire, and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire were used to collect data. A structural equation model was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the meaning of life has a direct and positive effect on academic buoyancy and happiness. Happiness also directly and significantly affects academic buoyancy. Happiness also has a significant mediating role in the relationship between the meaning of life and academic buoyancy. Since the meaning of life plays a role in creating motivation, it causes more effort, achieving desired goals, and a sense of happiness. Happiness causes a positive feeling and vitality in the educational environment, followed by an increase in academic buoyancy.

The present study aimed to predict honesty in marital relationships based on social competence and spiritual health with mediating role of hope in married students. The method was descriptive- correlation. Participants were married students of Islamic Azad University, science and research branch in Tehran in 2019. Two hundred fifty participants were selected by multi-cluster sampling and completed Honesty, Social Competence, Hopeful, and Spiritual Health Questionnaires. Data were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation, hierarchy regression and Sobel test. Findings indicated that the dimensions of social competence (initiating relationships, asserting displeasure with others, disclosing personal, emotional support, managing conflict) and spiritual health (affiliation with God, satisfaction with life, purposeful) significantly predict the honesty of married students. Also, the results of hierarchy regression showed that hopefulness could mediate honesty based on social competence and spiritual health. Social competence and spiritual health strongly predict honesty in marital relationships of married students through effecting hopefulness. Therefore, it may be useful to pay attention to social competence and spiritual health to promote honesty of marital students in marital relationships. Therefore, training and enhancement of hopefulness in married students are suggested.

Improving children's capacity to deal effectively with the consequences of divorce is considered. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of training protocol for treating children of divorce for mothers and intervention programs for children of divorce on the resilience of divorce children. The method of the present study was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test, and three-month follow-up. From divorced mothers referred to a clinic in Tehran for parent training in 2021, 45 were selected by available sampling. Fifteen children in the special program for children of divorce, 15 mothers in the training protocol for treating children of divorce for the mothers, and 15 mothers in the control group participated. The research instruments included the Ungar and Liebenberg resilience scales. The special intervention of mothers was performed in 12 sessions (each was 45 minutes), and the special intervention program for children was performed in 15 sessions (each was 45 minutes). The control group did not receive any intervention during the study. A mixed analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. The results showed that both interventions had a significant effect and stability on the two components of resilience (individual and relationship with caregivers) but did not significantly affect the context component of resilience. The results also showed no significant difference in the effectiveness of the two interventions. The results showed that with the participation of mothers or children in divorce intervention, it is possible to improve the resilience of children's divorce situation.